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Lesson 1

Reading Signs & Menus

Read common Korean signs, notices, and restaurant menus.

Reading Korean signs and menus is the first practical step out of the textbook and into real Korean. Common sign categories: warning signs (위험 danger, 출입 금지 no entry, 주의 caution), directional signs (입구 entrance, 출구 exit, 화장실 restroom), and business signs (영업중 open, 휴무 closed). Menus follow predictable layouts: category headers, item names with prices in won (₩ or 원), and often small Korean-only commentary on spice level or specialty status.

The biggest reading-speed gain at this level comes from learning to skim rather than parse every character. Korean uses spaces between word groups, so train your eye to grab a whole word-group at a glance rather than reading character-by-character. Restaurant menus are excellent practice material because the vocabulary is narrow and the structure is predictable — you'll see the same dozen patterns hundreds of times.

~(이)라고 써 있다 — It says / It is written

Used to describe what is written on a sign or notice. Noun + (이)라고 써 있어요. After consonant: 이라고, after vowel: 라고.

'주차 금지'라고 써 있어요.'jucha geumji'rago sseo isseoyoIt says 'No Parking'.
메뉴에 '오늘의 특선'이라고 써 있어요.menyue 'oneurui teukseon'irago sseo isseoyoIt says 'Today's Special' on the menu.

~(으)ㄴ/는 — Noun Modifier (adjective/verb → describing noun)

Adjectives: stem + (으)ㄴ + noun. 맛있는 음식 (delicious food), 큰 가게 (big store). Verbs (present): stem + 는 + noun. 파는 물건 (items being sold). Verbs (past): stem + (으)ㄴ + noun. 먹은 음식 (food that was eaten).

유명한 식당에 갔어요.yumyeonghan sikdange gasseoyoI went to a famous restaurant.
여기서 파는 빵이 맛있어요.yeogiseo paneun ppangi masisseoyoThe bread they sell here is delicious.
영업중yeongeeopjungOpen (for business)
Examples문에 '영업중' 표시가 있어요.mune 'yeongeeopjung' pyosiga isseoyoThere's an 'Open' sign on the door.
출입금지churipgeumjiNo Entry
Examples여기는 출입금지 구역이에요.yeogineun churipgeumji guyeogieyoThis is a no-entry zone.
무료muryofree (no charge)
Examples와이파이 무료라고 써 있어요.waipai muryorago sseo isseoyoIt says Wi-Fi is free.
세트seteuset meal / combo
Examples점심 세트가 팔천 원이에요.jeomsim seteuga palcheon wonieyoThe lunch set is 8,000 won.
품절pumjeolsold out
Examples오늘의 메뉴는 품절이에요.oneurui menyuneun pumjeorieyoToday's menu is sold out.
할인 행사harin haengsasale event / discount event
Examples이번 주 할인 행사 중이에요.ibeon ju harin haengsa jungieyoThere's a sale event this week.

Cultural & Language Note

Korean signage leans heavily on Sino-Korean compounds, which is why 출입금지 and 영업중 look opaque at first but decode instantly once you recognise the characters behind them. Japanese speakers have a large advantage here: 出入禁止 and 営業中 are the same compounds. Reading signs is often the first moment a Japanese learner realises how much vocabulary transfers for free.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Menus use noun modifiers heavily, and the modifier form differs by word class: 매운 for adjectives, 먹는 for present-tense verbs, 먹은 for past. Learners apply 는 to adjectives and produce 맵는, which is wrong. Note also that some sign vocabulary is fixed compound and cannot be broken apart grammatically.